About lymphoedema
The lymphatic system is a one-way circulatory system returning excess fluid and removing dead cells, debris, and metabolic wastes, amongst other molecules, from the tissue. Lymphoedema is a chronic condition with swelling in one or other parts of the body occurring when the lymphatic system is overwhelmed. It can be primary or secondary:
Primary lymphoedema is a genetic condition present from birth or that develops later in life. It is often associated with congenital malformations of the lymphatic vessels or nodes. Notable examples include Milroy disease and Meige disease, where individuals inherit faulty genes that impact the lymphatic system's structure and function.
On the other hand, secondary lymphoedema is acquired and more prevalent. It typically results from damage to the lymphatic system due to cancer treatment involving surgery to remove lymph nodes, chemotherapy, or radiation.
Accurate statistics on the prevalence of lymphoedema in Australia are difficult to obtain, but research indicates that lymphoedema affects up to 250 million people worldwide. Furthermore, one in five people receiving breast cancer treatment might develop lymphoedema in the arm. These figures are intended to increase awareness about preventive strategies to avert it.
Lymphoedema preventive strategies
Preventing lymphoedema involves adopting a proactive approach to health and lifestyle.
Regular exercise is crucial in preventing the stagnation of lymph fluid. A sedentary lifestyle and obesity can further strain the lymphatic flow and increase the risk of lymphoedema. Activities such as walking and swimming can promote lymphatic circulation.
Skin care is another critical aspect of prevention. Infection is a well-known cause of lymphoedema, so it is essential to disinfect any skin injury promptly and moisturise regularly to prevent dryness and potential cracking, which can be entry points for infections. Additionally, wearing gloves while gardening or cleaning can prevent injuries altogether and protect against insect bites. Using sunscreen to avoid sunburn is also advisable.
Avoiding tight clothing and tight jewellery can help prevent excessive compression over the skin, which can act as a tourniquet and impede blood circulation and lymph flow.
A balanced diet is fundamental in preventing obesity and lymphoedema. Consuming a variety of nutrient-rich foods helps maintain a healthy weight and supports the overall lymphatic health.
Certain activities, for people at risk of lymphoedema, may necessitate wearing light compression. This is particularly relevant during cancer treatment or long journeys by car or by plane. For those who wear compression garments to manage lymphoedema, it is advisable to don them as early as possible in the morning and only remove them at bedtime. A well-fitted compression garment is comfortable and can prevent fluid buildup, thereby maintaining the shape of the limb.
Understanding lymphoedema and the mechanisms of the lymphatic system is essential for preventing and managing the condition.
Taking action
Early detection is key to managing lymphoedema. Be vigilant for symptoms like swelling, tightness, or a heavy sensation in the limb. Although the risk of lymphoedema can be concerning, understanding the factors and taking proactive steps can prevent progression. Remember, taking charge of your health by seeking appropriate support can make a significant difference in managing and preventing lymphoedema.
Should you need assistance with lymphatic drainage massage, compression garment measuring and fitting, or bandaging, please reach out. I am just one phone call away.
Reference
Cancer Research, U. (n.d.). Lymphoedema after breast cancer treatment. Retrieved January 30, 025, from Together we will beat cancer: https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/breast-cancer/living-with/lymphoedema-after-treatment#:~:text=Cancer%20or%20cancer%20treatment%20can,surgery%20to%20remove%20lymph%20nodes
Network, L. E. (2025). The incidence and prevalence of lymphoedema. Retrieved January 30, 2025, from Lymphatic Education & Research Network: https://lymphaticnetwork.org/living-with-lymphedema/the-incidence-of-lymphedema#:~:text=Up%20to%20250%20million%20people,5%2C%20and%20ALS6%20combined.
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